Keith Gandal (2007) states that lower class people are portrayed as a 'cultural other' through fashions that deviate from the middle and upper classes.
Gandal also said that target audiences are drawn in by the 'sentimental rags-to-riches story' because they like to think of poor people making it big through music.
Medhurst (1998): "They are awful because they are not like us".
Richard Butsch (1992) states working class males in the media are presented as: "Incompetent and ineffectual, often a buffoon, well-intentioned but dumb. In almost all working-class series, the male is flawed, some more than others...he fails in his role as a father and husband, is lovable but not respected."
Stanley Hall (1981) said that black people are stereotyped as 'the social problem' which has been embraced by Hip-Hop culture. This is evidenced by Hip Hop magazines showing that money has been attained through crime e.g drugs, pimping, gang crime.
His youth theory works because the young C1-E target audience want to read about rebellious poor people like them.
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